Biography of Qazi Latif<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Abdulatif Qazi, son of Mirza Ahmad Qazi and brother of Qazi Fattah and Mirza Qasim (the paternal grandfather of Peshawa Qazi), was born in the year 1240 of the Solar Hijri calendar (1861 CE). Latif first began his studies under his father and later continued them under the religious teachers of that era. He advanced sufficiently in religious and legal sciences that, in his youth, he attained a high level of scholarship and was appointed as the judge (qazi) of the city of Mahabad.\nQazi Latif married a lady named Amina Khanum. From this marriage they had four sons and three daughters: Sultan Khanum, Gawhartaj Khanum, Nazakat Khanum, Mustafa, Karim, Azim, and Muhammad.\nBesides being a respected and decisive judge in the Mukriyan region, Qazi Latif also had a strong talent for poetry. He composed powerful verses in both Persian and Kurdish, and his poetry was often the subject of literary discussion in the gatherings of that time.\nTogether with his two brothers, Mirza Majid and Mirza Ahmad, Qazi Latif purchased a village named Girdi Yaqub on the banks of the Mahabad River (which flows into Lake Urmia). After some time, Mirza Majid took his share of the village, founded a new settlement there, and named it Konade. The neighboring lands belonged to the Debokri aghas. The aghas of the village of Khorkhora\u2014Hamza Agha, Fattah Agha, and Khalil Agha\u2014acting according to the customary practices of agha-ship of that era, cast greedy eyes on the property and lands of the sons of Qazi Ahmad and began harassing and causing trouble for them. The situation eventually reached the point that Mirza Ahmad was killed by Hamza Agha.\nGrieving over the loss of his brother, and despairing of the government and authorities of the time because his brother\u2019s blood had gone unavenged, Qazi Latif left the country. For a period he stayed at the house of Sheikh Muhammad Sadiq, son of Sheikh Ubaydullah, son of Sheikh Taha of Nehri. Sheikh Muhammad Sadiq sent a telegram to his brother Sheikh Abdulqadir, requesting assistance regarding asylum and citizenship rights for Qazi Latif in Ottoman Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The reply from the Ottoman government was very encouraging. It stated that, in addition to granting Ottoman citizenship to Qazi Latif and his family, the state was prepared to provide them with a suitable place to live and to allocate them state-owned (khaliseh) land and agricultural equipment. Following this telegram, Qazi Latif went to Istanbul.\nThe deep rivalry between the Ottoman state and the Iranian government of the time led the Ottomans to receive Qazi Latif very warmly and to respond positively to his requests. On the other hand, the Iranian government, not wishing to give the Ottomans any pretext to cross the border or interfere in Iranian affairs, instructed its consul in Istanbul to promise Qazi Latif that all his demands would be met and that his brother\u2019s blood would not go unavenged\u2014provided he returned to Iran and did not remain in Ottoman territory.\nQazi Latif accepted the Iranian consul\u2019s promise and returned to Mahabad. The government fulfilled its promise: Hamza Agha and Fattah Agha, the owners of the village of Khorkhora, were arrested and held for a long time in prison in Tehran. This episode was reported in detail in the newspaper Nasiri, Year 4, Issue 22, Monday the 20th of Jumada al-Awwal 1315 AH (1898 CE). A copy is preserved at the Faculty of Literature of the University of Tabriz.\nA few years later the First World War broke out. After the martyrdom of Qazi Fattah in Mahabad, several members of Qazi Fattah\u2019s family and relatives were arrested by the Russian army and deported to the Siberian region of that country. One of these captives was Qazi Latif. After two and a half years, following the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, these prisoners were released. Qazi Latif made his way through Lithuania to Turkey. In Istanbul he met the Ottoman Sultan, was warmly received, and stayed for a time with his son Mustafa, who was studying at the medical faculty in Istanbul.\nBecause of his extensive travels to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey, as well as his two-and-a-half-year captivity in Russia, Qazi Latif had become a worldly, experienced, and knowledgeable man. Not long after his return to Mahabad, the uprising of Ismail Agha Simko broke out. Simko attacked Mahabad in order to crush the military garrison there. Because of earlier conflicts with Qazi Ali and Sayfulquzat (the father and uncle of Peshawa), he ordered the killing of those two men. However, Simko\u2019s armed men mistakenly killed Qazi Latif instead. This event took place in the year 1300 of the Solar Hijri calendar (1921 CE).\nIn accordance with his own wishes, the body of Qazi Latif was buried at the Khanqah of Sharafkand, near Sheikh of Burhan.\nHere it is appropriate to record a few lines of Qazi Latif\u2019s poetry as examples:\nPersian\nAy zulf-e to m\u0101r-e siyah\u012b y\u0101 ke shab-e t\u0101r\nY\u0101 \u2018aqrab-e jarr\u0101re\u2019\u012b bar gard-e rokh-e y\u0101r\nY\u0101 k\u0101fer\u012b y\u0101 hendu-ye khorshid-parast\u012b\nY\u0101 lashkar-e zang\u012b ke bar\u012b hamle be T\u0101t\u0101r\nY\u0101 kh\u0101ter-e deld\u0101r ke az jowr-e raq\u012bb\u0101n\nT\u0101r\u012bk o parish\u0101n\u012b o \u0101shofte o b\u012bm\u0101r\n\u2026\nKurdish\nBah\u0101r h\u0101t \u016b shaq\u0101yaq h\u0101te der we\u2018dey tem\u0101sh\u0101ye\nSuk\u016bn\u012b \u2018\u0101shiq\u0101n l\u0113re bediw\u0101 b\u0113 weqe\u2018 \u016b b\u0113 j\u0101ye\nWene\u016bshe h\u0101t \u016b xoy r\u0101n\u0101 le sehr\u0101y\u012b mel\u0101het-d\u0101\nNiq\u0101b\u012b \u2018ismet\u012b l\u0101d\u0101 ke mehr\u016b sh\u0113wey\u0101n w\u0101ye\n\u00c7emen pirr b\u016ble b\u016bk\u012b s\u0101de reshki h\u016br\u012b R\u012bzw\u0101nen\nDemen \u0101r\u0101yish\u012b xoy d\u0101 del\u0113 f\u012brdows \u0101w\u0101ye\nLen\u0113w x\u0101r\u012b jef\u0101 gul h\u0101te der xendan deb\u0113 yekser\nSer\u0101ser l\u0101ley\u012b hemr\u0101 sheb\u012bh\u012b b\u016bk be t\u0101r\u0101ye\nLeber s\u0101f\u012b hewa diny\u0101 wek\u016b \u0101w\u012bney s\u0101fe\nKef\u012b h\u0101m\u016bn yed\u012b beyza \u016b felek emroke M\u016bs\u0101ye\nLe jilwey s\u0101qiy\u0101n\u012b bezm\u012b gul sergeshte b\u016b bulbul\nSebeb \u0101sh\u016bfteg\u012b Mejn\u016bn, kir\u012bshmey \u00e7\u0101w\u012b Leyl\u0101ye\nLe n\u0101ley bulbul \u016b deng\u012b \u00e7ek\u0101wek sh\u012bwen\u012b qomr\u012b\nWek\u016b b\u0101z\u0101r\u012b Y\u016bsuf\u012b Misr\u012b dil pirr shor \u016b ghewgh\u0101ye\nNe tenh\u0101 min girift\u0101r\u012b kemend\u012b zulf\u012b miskinim\nHem\u016b zerr\u0101t\u012b \u2018\u0101lem mest\u012b \u00e7\u0101w\u012b k\u0101l\u012b shehl\u0101ye\nLe n\u0101ley b\u0101y seb\u0101 emw\u0101t\u012b \u2018\u0101lem jumle b\u016b \u012bhy\u0101\nMegher peygh\u0101m\u012b y\u0101r\u012b p\u0113ye y\u0101 \u0101h\u012b Mes\u012bh\u0101ye\nNes\u012bm\u012b subh m\u016bjdey d\u0101 ke y\u0101r\u012b dilrub\u0101 emro\nBe wejh\u012b merhemet meyl\u012b wef\u0101d\u0101r\u012b leser d\u0101ye\n\u2026\nSources\n\nGeneral History of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (by Qasim Qazi)\nA Short History of the Qazi Family (by Khalil Fattah Qazi)\nThe book Manzumeh-ye Shamsi (by Abu Bakr Khwancheh Sepehr-e Din)\nLost Days (memoirs and recollections of Rahman Qazi)\n\nCompiled by: Dr. Ahmad Fattah Qazi and Qasim Qazi\nReviewed by: Naser Qazi<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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